Trave and hotel industry in Hawaii Research Paper

Trave and hotel industry in Hawaii - Research Paper Example Although agriculture which has variety like flower cultivation, macadamia nuts and papaya, manganese nodule mining and film production have extended Hawaii’s economic base tourism still plays a major role ( Hawaii 9 pp3). Indirect employment is in sectors like transport and retail. When employed individuals spend their wages and salaries on goods and services, it leads to more jobs creation. This is referred but economist as multiplier effect. Tourism brings in foreign exchange; international tourists change their currency into Hawaii currency to be able to pay for their experience. Therefore, the host country gets foreign exchange to spend on its expenses such as educational and medical facilities (Tourism and the economy, 12). Tourism is often seasonal; this makes economy of Hawaii fluctuate with all coming season. The unstable economic system makes it hard for the government to estimate yearly budgets because other seasons will be very high as compared to other years. Over dependence on tourism will have a negative effect to the economy during low seasons. Second, tourism sector is always affected by current affairs; insecurity issues affect tourism negatively which eventually affects the economy. For instance the September 11 attack reduced the visitor number in Hawaii (Tourism and the economy, 12). Tourism and hospitality industry in Hawaii generates one out of every five jobs. The industry provides employments in restaurants, hotels, car rental companies, security services, entertainment, retail stores, airlines, airport and many other operations that supply goods and services to tourists (Sharma, pp 127). During high tourism seasons in Hawaii demand for workers is high. In this case, more people are employed in the tourism and hospitality sector. In determining the employment rates, situations statistical techniques adjustment is used. Hawaii’ seasonally adjusted rates were, unemployment rate for November 2011,

The Nature of Belief Essay Example for Free

The Nature of Belief Essay Describe the part which art plays in the worship and spiritual life of Islam In Islam, there is a very strong belief of never drawing any type of picture of Allah, Muhammad or animals. This is due to the worry of people worshiping the image rather than what it actually represents. Pictures similar to this are considered as blasphemous as they are misleading and unreliable. The quotation below describes the belief of Allah. No vision can grasp Him but His grasp is over all vision; He is above all comprehension, yet is acquainted with all things. (Surah 6:103) Giving a false impression of Muhammad would be wrong, however in the past if a picture were to be drawn, the face on the figure would be smudged. Allah has no form as he is beyond all images; he is transcendent. Pictures of Allah would limit his actions. As Muhammad is the last prophet he is never drawn nor worshipped. The concept of Tawhid is the most basic Muslim belief. Allah is one and not begotten. He is Allah, the One, Allah is Eternal and Absolute. None is born of Him, He is unborn. There is none like unto Him. (Surah 112) Originally the Quran was hand written and it is common to see Muslims copy this. However when copying out the Quran, Muslims take pride in the presentation and often use calligraphy (beautiful writing). Calligraphy is very important in Islam, as it is used for religious expression to decorate the mosques as pictures and statues are not allowed. It is the art of writing. It is the words written which are regarded as important not the art form. Commonly the shape of the writing is used to represent the words written, especially when writing any of the ninety-nine names of Allah. This is thought to be the best way to learn important aspects of the religion. Not only are the walls in the mosque decorated with calligraphy, but also prayer mats and also around the Islam homes. Their religion is important to Muslims at all times and in all places, and the common use of calligraphy art helps them to consistently stand by their faith. In September 1988, Salman Rushdie wrote the book Satanic Verse, covering the topic of Islam. He is now greatly hated by Muslims due to the way he chose to decorate his book cover. The book cover was decorated with calligraphy taken from the Quran and the words used were those of Allah, which is not acceptable. On Valentines Day 1989 the revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomenei declared a fatwa, a religious ruling informing Muslims to carry out a death sentence on Salman Rushdie for committing blasphemy. Many artistic features in Islam, not only calligraphy, form geometric patterns and shapes, which follow mathematical principles. They are created in many different colours and can be found in both Muslim homes and mosques. Their geometric form replicate Allahs constant perfection. All of these artistic features are used to remind Muslims about their religion and help them focus on Allah. The perfection of their art is thought to be greatly important as it represents the magnitude of their faith.

A Healty Issue :: essays research papers

A Healthy Issue   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been long debated as to what method is the best way to lose weight. Every day it seems there is a new diet craze sweeping across America. The birth of fad diets has brought hope to those wanting to lose weight fast. Which is the best diet plan? There are so many to choose from now, and there are not only diet plans. There are hundreds of dietary supplements now available as well as new-age surgeries to help us battle the bulge. Each method has its own positives and negatives. Some have lead to amazing weight loss, while others have lead to sickness and even death. With all of the different ways available to lose weight, is there a better solution than to simply follow a balanced diet combined with regular exercise?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fad diets are the newest thing to hit our waistlines. They are notorious for being a fast way to lose weight. Some of these diets, just to name a few examples include: Atkins’ Diet, Weight Watchers, Slim Fast, South Beach Diet, The Zone, Subway Diet, eDiets, The Beverly Hills Diet, and the list goes on and on. All promise dramatic weight loss that is easy to keep off as long as you follow their regimen. Are they safe? Which one is right for you? To get a better understanding about what they entail, let’s take a look at a few of them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Atkins’ diet is probably the most popular in today’s society. Dr. Robert Atkins, a cardiologist, actually came up with his plan back in 1972. Unlike the many fad diets that followed, the Atkins’ diet survived the term fad, and has actually become more popular as the years have passed. In the Atkins’ diet, the formula is allowing foods that are high in protein and that are low in carbohydrates. To start, the plan requires you to go through an induction period for two weeks that will balance your metabolism. An individual is allowed to have as much fat and protein as desired, but the foods must contain less than 20 grams of carbohydrates per day. Some of the foods allowed include: meat, poultry, fish, eggs, oil, butter and cheese. After completing the two-week induction period, the amount of carbohydrates allowed is doubled to 35-40 grams per day. When the individual reaches his or her goal weight, the amount is increased again, up to 60 grams of carbohydrates per day.

The Italian Renaissance :: European Europe History

The Italian Renaissance "What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god! The beauty of the world, the paragon of animals!" Hamlet, Act 2, Scene 2 Modern art critics regard renaissance art as graphic narratives of political and social events that occurred in the 14th through 16th century Europe. Scholars believe that the renaissance expressed a cultural revival of classical antiquity. And then there are others who doubt the concept of 'renaissance' entirely. Gundersheimer argues that Wallace K. Ferguson's concept of de-emphasizing the idea of renaissance to favor a view of "Europe in transition" was an ideal point that should be explored. This observation by Gundersheimer based on Ferguson's idea may become influential. The 'problem with renaissance' was that some interests and activities may also be found in earlier periods and are not bound to the renaissance years exclusively. And the rate of change was more similar to that of a highly influential widespread culture based transition. During the medieval era there were many contributions to the arts. The renaissance scholar Matteo Palmieri, writing in Florence in the 1430's considers the 100 years of the medieval era to be dark because of the lack of enlightenment in those years, in comparison of the "rebirth" and "renewal" of the renaissance. I think that the labeling of the medieval era as the dark ages helps to romanticize the achievements of the renaissance. Innovations during the medieval era were useful and unglamorous and easily forgotten. The renaissance was one of the few eras in our history that emanated the true intellect of man. Genius developed from the advances in art, science, philosophy and mathematics. Never has there since been such a time in which an individual is given ample opportunity and time to perfect and master his craft above all other societal pursuits and obligations. According to a source in the Encarta Encyclopedia, "The term renaissance was coined by the French historian Jules Michelet in 1855, to mean 'rebirth.' It refers to the 'discovery of the world of man' in the 16th century." (Encarta Renaissance 1) The renaissance period in art history corresponds to the beginning of the great western age of discovery and exploration, when a general desire and curiosity developed to examine all aspects of nature and the world.

Cmgt 555

|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Information Systems & Technology | | |CMGT/555 Version 10 | | |2/19/2013 – 4/1/2013 | | |Systems Analysis and Development | Copyright  © 2010, 2009, 2008, 2006, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides a background in analysis and design techniques for business system and application development. Although the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is fundamental to the course, other methodologies and tools are examined from a managerial perspective. PoliciesFaculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: †¢ University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢ Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Pol icies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Dennis, A. , Wixom, B. H. , & Roth, R. M. (2009). Systems analysis and design (4th ed. ). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kendall, K. E. , & Kendall, J.E. (2011). Systems analysis and design (8th ed. ). Prentice Hall. Valacich, J. S. , George, J. F. , & Hoffer, J. A. (2009). Essentials of systems analysis and design (4th ed. ). Prentice Hall. Software Microsoft Visio ® (Recommended) Supplemental Resources Element K. (2010). Introduction to Software Life Cycle Models. Element K. (2010). The Fundamentals of Requirements Elicitation (Inquestra) (Part 1 of 8). Element K. (2010). Determining a Project's Objectives (Inquestra) (Part 2 of 8). Element K. (2010). Defining Project Scope (Inquestra) (Part 3 of 8). Element K. (2010). Describing Business Process (Inquestra) (Part 4 of 8). Element K. (2010 ).Determining Information Requirements (Inquestra) (Part 5 of 8). Element K. (2010). Describing Functional Business Requirements (Inquestra) (Part 6 of 8). Element K. (2010). Documenting Requirements Meetings (Inquestra) (Part 7 of 8). Element K. (2010). Eliciting Data Warehouse Requirements (Inquestra) (Part 8 of 8). Article References Bather, M. (2007/2008, December/January). Put your data where your work is. Supply & Demand Chain Executive, 9(1), 22. Brache, A. P. (2008, January). Nine variables affect innovation within today's Enterprise Model. Tooling & Production, 74(1), 16. Chisckowski, E. (2008, November). Built-in security. Baseline, (90), 36-38. Gotterbarn, D. & Miller, K. (2010). Unmasking your software’s ethical risks. IEEE Software, 27(1), 12. Gould, L. S. (2008, January). On-demand ERP is here. Automotive Design & Production, 120(1), 46-48. Grenier, L. (2010). AJAX web development techniques. Faulkner Information Services. Greiner, L. (2010). ASP. net architectu re. Faulkner Information Services. Grenier, L. (2010). Java-based application development technology. Faulkner Information Services. Grenier, L. (2009). Outsourcing the Enterprise development project. Faulkner Information Services. Hugos, M. H. (2008, January 7). Calling on IT to do the impossible. Computerworld, 42(2), 21. Nicolaisen, N. (2010).Choosing mobile phone operating systems. Faulkner Information Services. Nicolaisen, N. (2010). Developing mobile applications. Faulkner Information Services. Nicolaisen, N. (2010). Open source development platforms. Faulkner Information Services. Woodward, K. (2010). Project management planning and scheduling. Faulkner Information Services. Woodward, K. (2009). Project management software market trends. Faulkner Information Services. Woodward, K. (2010). Setting project goals and measuring performance. Faulkner Information Services. Woodward, K. (2010). Service oriented architecture. Faulkner Information Services. All electronic materials ar e available on the student website. Week One: Systems Development (2/19 – 2/25) | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Define the systems development life cycle. | | | | |Examine systems development methodologies. | | | |Course Preparation |Read the course description and objectives. | | | | |Ensure you have access to the required and recommended software: | | | | | | | | | Microsoft Visio (Recommended) | | | | | | | | | |Review the Learning Team Toolkit. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 1, â€Å"Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies,† of Systems Analysis and Design. | | | | |Read Appendix B, â€Å"Agile Methodologies,† of Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design. | | | | |Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. 2/25 |2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |2/21 |2 | |Learning Team Instructions |Complete the Learning Team Charter. | | | | | | | | | |The Learning T eam will complete Service Request SR-rm-004, Analyze HR System. Create an 8–16 | | | | |page report of the project that includes the requested business requirements definition for | | | | |the development of an HR system.Also create a Microsoft PowerPoint ® presentation of the | | | | |project. The report and presentation are due in Week Six. | | | | | | | | | |The report should contain: | | | | | | | | | |An executive summary that eveals the areas of the business to be improved, identifies the | | | | |purpose of the project, and lists the stakeholders associated with the project | | | | | | | | | |An identification of the business requirements of the service request | | | | | | | | | |An articulation of the business requirements in terms of specific processes or business | | | | |development needs | | | | | | | | | |The implementation approach for the project | | | Week Two: Systems Analysis (2/26 – 3/4) | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Explain sc ope and feasibility. | | | | |Define systems analysis and systems requirements. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 3, â€Å"Project Management,† of Systems Analysis and Design. | | | | |Read Ch. 5, â€Å"Determining System Requirements,† of Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design. | | | | |Read Ch. , â€Å"Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling,† of Essentials of Systems | | | | |Analysis and Design. | | | | |Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |3/4 |2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |2/28 |2 | |Learning Team Instructions |Begin work on Service Request SR-rm-004, Analyze HR System. |3/4 |2 | | |Prepare a 2–4 page Executive Summary of the project. | | |Individual |Select a system for development that would benefit your workplace. Prepare a 2–3 page plan |3/4 |10 | |Systems Development Paper |for determining the feasibility of the systems deve lopment. | | | |Week Three: Systems Design (3/5 – 3/11) | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Define design specifications. | | | |Explain human computer interaction. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 7, â€Å"Moving Into Design,† of Systems Analysis & Design. | | | | |Read Ch. 8, â€Å"Architecture Design,† of Systems Analysis & Design. | | | | |Read Ch. 8, â€Å"Designing the Human Interface,† of Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design. | | | | |Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. 3/11 |2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |3/7 |2 | |Learning Team Instructions |Continue work on Service Request SR-rm-004. |3/11 |2 | | |Prepare a 2–4 page identification of the business requirements of the service request. | | | |Individual |Prepare a 2–3 page plan for gathering requirements. Build on the systems development selected|3/11 |10 | |Requir ements Paper |in Week Two. Begin gathering the requirements for the project.State any assumptions you | | | | |make. State the difficulties of gathering the requirements. | | | |Week Four: Systems Development and Implementation (3/12 – 3/18) | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Analyze development. | | | | |Analyze implementation. | | | |Identify methods of information system security. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 12, â€Å"Moving Into Implementation,† of Systems Analysis & Design. | | | | |Read Ch. 16, â€Å"Quality Assurance and Implementation,† of Systems Analysis and Design. | | | | |Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |3/18 |2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. 3/14 |2 | |Learning Team Instructions |Continue work on Service Request SR-rm-004. |3/18 |2 | | |Prepare a 2–4 page section of the report that will use process flow charts, procedur es, | | | | |and/or policy statements to articulate the business requirements in terms of specific process| | | | |or business development needs. | | | |Individual |Prepare a 3–5 page requirements document for the systems development selected in Week Two. 3/18 |15 | |Requirements Document |Include the following areas of analysis: | | | | | | | | | |Technical: Describe any proposed hardware and software requirements. | | | | |Performance: Specify expected response time and/or throughput requirements. | | | | |Usability: Describe the human-computer interface, documentation, any new procedures, etc. | | | |Reliability: Define requirements for system dependability, such as up-time, error detection, | | | | |etc. | | | | |Security: Identify user access requirements and conditions under which access may be granted. | | | |Week Five: Maintenance (3/19 – 3/25) | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Identify types of maintenance. | | |Readings |Read Ch. 10, â€Å" Systems Implementation and Operation,† of Essentials of Systems Analysis and | | | | |Design. | | | | |Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |3/25 |2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |3/21 |2 | |Learning Team Instructions |Continue work on Service Request SR-rm-004. 3/25 |2 | | | | | | | |Prepare a 2–4 page section of the report that will identify the implementation approach for | | | | |the project. The implementation approach should identify software testing and installation | | | | |activities as well as the training consideration. Include, also, the identification of the | | | | |training method(s) and the audience to be trained. | | | | | | | | |Begin work on PowerPoint ® presentation of the project. | | | |Individual |Prepare a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the design and implementation of the systems |3/25 |15 | |Request for Proposal |development selected in W eek Two. The outline guides the type of information that should be | | | | |included in a RFP. | | | | | | | | |RFP | | | | | | | | | |Introduction | | | | | | | | | |Description of company, including type of organizational structure | | | | |Business goals | | | | |Project goals | | | | |Scope of project | | | | |Time constraints | | | | |Budget constraints | | | | |Other | | | | | | | | | |Requirements | | | | | | | | | |Technical: | | | | | | | | |Standards | | | | |Existing system | | | | |Hardware | | | | |Operating systems | | | | |Networking | | | | |Application software | | | | |Communications | | | | |Security | | | | |Scalability | | | | |Availability | | | | |Reliability | | | | |Maintenance | | | | |Disaster recovery | | | | |Other | | | | | | | | | |Training /Documentation | | | | |Installation issues | | | |Cost | | | | |Other | | | | |Administrative Information | | | | | | | | | |Who may apply | | | | |How to apply | | | | |Confidentiality | | | | |Refer ences | | | | |How to get clarification | | | | |Proposal format | | | | |Submission schedule | | | | |Decision schedule | | | | |Selection criteria | | | | |Other | | | |Week Six: Development Standards (3/26 – 4/1) | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Examine development standards. | | | | |Apply systems analysis. | | |Readings |Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. | | | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. | | | |Learning Team |Complete work on Service Request SR-rm-004. |4/1 |12 | |Report |Finalize and submit the 8–16 page paper summarizing the project proposal. | | | |Learning Team |Finalize and submit the PowerPoint ® presentation of the project. 4/1 |10 | |Presentation | | | | Optional Discussion Questions Week One Discussion Questions †¢ Describe at least one risk inherent in each phase of the SDLC. †¢ Based on Hugos’ 2008 article, what is the relationship between IT infrastructure and new development? Which one comes first, or can they be built in tandem? †¢ Based on the Greiner (2010) article, how has the Ajax development methodology influenced the SDLC for developing Web-based customer facing applications? †¢ Based on the Greiner (2010) article, how has the ASP. NET facility of the Visual Studio. NET methodology influenced the SDLC for developing Web-Based customer-facing applications?How would you compare Ajax with ASP. NET? Week Two Discussion Questions †¢ Based on Gould’s (2008) article, what is the main attraction for open source ERP? †¢ Based on the Grenier (2011) article, what do you think is the largest benefit and the largest drawback for using mobile devises in the workplace? Consider extensibility, integration, manageability, security, etc. Week Three Discussion Questions †¢ Based on Brache’s 2008 article, what are the three ways a business process is conside red an innovation lever? †¢ Based on the Nicolaisen (2010) article, what accounts for the increased reliance on open source development methodologies to develop new application solutions?Do you think proprietary development methodologies are loosing market share? †¢ Based on the Greiner (2010) article, how has Java-based application development technology influenced the growth and acceptance of open source development platforms? Week Four Discussion Questions †¢ According to Chisckowski’s (2008) article, what are some of the advantages of incorporating security measures into the design and implementation of information systems? What obstacles may be encountered? †¢ Based on the Woodward (2010) article, how should unpredictable delays, failures on the part of third parties, and other obstacles accommodated by the traditional SDLC? Week Five Discussion Questions Based on the Woodward (2010) article, why is measuring project performance in a way that is agree d on by all stakeholders essential for securing agreement that the application solution meets business goals? †¢ Based on the Woodward (2009) article, how has measuring project performance been affected by portfolio management systems that view projects across the entire enterprise for securing agreement that the application solution meets business goals? Week Six Discussion Questions †¢ Based on the Woodward (2010) article, how has service oriented architecture (SOA) provided efficiencies in the design, development, implementation, and deployment of applications? Based on the Greiner (2009) article, how has outsourcing the enterprise development provided efficiencies in the design, development, implementation and deployment of applications? Copyright University of Phoenix ® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft ®, Windows ®, and Windows NT ® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U nited States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix ® editorial standards and practices.

Athens Sparta essays

Athens Sparta essays Greek culture in 400-500 B.C.E. achieved greatness through two city-states, called Sparta and Athens. To better understand the interaction between Sparta and Athens and their desire for Greece to be a strong nation, it is imperative to know the situation of these two city-states in the early 400s B.C.E. Throughout this essay I will briefly describe Athenian and Spartan social structure in the Classical age. In particular, their culture, military, and the role of women within society. Athens had a democratic government and a dynamic society. They were culturally open to trade, painting, sculpture, architecture, literature, poetry, and philosophy. Athens had become the second most powerful Greek city-state because of their wealth, trade, navy, large population, and great harmony of art and learning. Athens was made up of three distinct classes, slaves, citizens, and foreigners. Each class had a specific list of duties and responsibilities. Wealthy citizens paid to attend formalized schools in the gymnasium. Citizens could own land and slaves, but not all did because they differed in wealth. Also, citizens had equal formal rights, and participated in the year round religious festivals. Slaves and foreigners, on the other hand, did trade work and housework, but were denied citizenship. Due to the Athenian democratic government, there was a wider range of participation from the citizens. Many of them participated in public election and lotteries. Sparta had a political form of organization known as an Oligarchy, which consisted of five ephors and two kings who served as high priests and leaders in war. Their government was founded on the principle that the life of individuals, from the moment of birth, belonged to the state. Sparta hoped to ensure that only those who were physically fit would survive to become the best soldiers for the city-state. Sparta prided itself not on art and learning, but on the brave ...

Proposal Essay Guidelines and Outstanding Ideas

Proposal Essay Guidelines and Outstanding Ideas Topic Ideas for Your Proposal Essay The main goal of proposal essays is to propose a certain idea and back it with solid arguments in order to persuade the audience whether the chosen idea is bad or good. Imagine yourself being a salesperson. Your main goal is to persuade the customer why he or she should buy jewelry, a painting or any other item. In such example, the item is your idea, and the buyer is your audience. If it is your first time working on a proposal essay, you may feel nervous. However, if you choose a proper topic and follow the guidelines of real experts, you will be able to complete the task with ease. Below you will find all the necessary instruments to create a flawless proposal essay! Content of a proposal essay Every assignment has a particular outline, a number of elements and paragraphs it should contain. A proposal essay is not an exception and should include the following elements: The first part of your essay should provide the reader with background data and the most important details, which you want to let the audience know before getting started. Your introduction should be attention-grabbing and encourage the audience to read further. Don’t forget that the last sentence of this paragraph should contain a thesis statement; Statement of purpose. This short section aims to inform the audience on your proposal. That is the idea you want readers to accept. Don’t include any details, which you are going to discuss in the rest of the paper; Action plan. In this section you need to explain in what ways you are planning to achieve your proposal. What makes it valid? In this section you must persuade the audience to accept your ideas. Devote a separate paragraph for every evidence or argument; In the final section of your essay make a summary of the main points and add a call-to-action if it is appropriate. Never include new details, as there is no place for additional facts in a conclusion. Proposal essay writing tips Conduct thorough research to collect as many facts as possible; Every claim and idea should be backed with evidence; Sources you use should be reliable, so never use websites and posts, which are not credible; Cite every source properly not to be accused of plagiarism; Show how good your vocabulary is and try not to overuse certain words and phrases; Stay away from informal speech and slang; Instead of discussing multiple various ideas, choose maximum five and provide the reader with their detailed description. However, what a student should do, when he has all the freedom of choosing the topic independently? First, never panic and read a list of outstanding ideas we have in store! 100 topics for your proposal essay We guarantee that proposal essay writing is much simpler than it seems even if your teacher is trying to scare you. If you choose a good topic and conduct thorough research, you will surely succeed. We have collected outstanding topics and divided them into categories for your convenience. So just choose the one you like the most and get started! Education Education is one of the most popular and controversial subjects, which has lots of conflicts to discuss. Some people want more freedom to students, others demand more respect for teachers. Just pick the most suitable topic and choose which side you are on! Is it possible to get additional funding or airtime for science shows on TV? How learning foreign languages contributes to our education? What are the most effective ways to improve reading comprehension among students? Should sex education classes be given in every school? How should teachers influence bullying in classes? Ways to improve courses in foreign languages; Grading of students at schools; Most of the famous inventors were misbehaving at schools. Should teachers give their students more freedom to learn from their own mistakes? How can the modern grading system be fixed and improved? How teachers, parents and society encourage children to study science? Health With years a common phrase ‘Healthy mind in a healthy body’ becomes more and more important because we tend to eat junk food, try alcohol or smoking earlier and neglect sports. That is why writing about health issues can be a great choice. How can childhood obesity be reduced? What should parents do to help their children lead a healthy lifestyle? How can smoking among teenagers be reduced? How can every citizen get free health care? How to persuade children not to try drugs? Should antidepressants be banned? Can they lead to suicides? What steps should be done towards increasing healthcare funding? The best measures for preventing drunk driving deaths; Babies, born from in-vitro fertilization have higher risks of birth malformations. Isn’t it better to adopt children? How to get funding for cancer researches? Students’ lifestyle Such topics are the most simple to write about since you are a student and know the situation from the inside. You can even share your personal experience or choose topics, which will be relevant to your surrounding. How can parents help their children to deal with bullying? Should children of divorced parents have sessions with psychologists in order to build a happy life and marriage, succeed in school and relationships? How parents can encourage children to find hobbies and new interests? How can we reduce alcohol consumption among children? How high school curriculum can be improved? Is it possible to protect students from pressure? How to make children responsible? Are there any effective ways to make children disciplined? Is it possible to create a healthy environment in class, which will give children enough freedom and will still teach them authority? The simplest way to get parents involved in their child’s education. Environment Environmental issues are very popular at the moment and every person has an opinion about global warming, fossil fuels and other important issues. When choosing such a topic, you can get lots of information from credible sources and create a well-structured essay. How can obsolete lifestyle be changed? Is being vegan the only way for protecting animals? What every individual can do to help save the planet? Is there a way to prevent teenage pregnancies? Should every country promote bicycle usage inside the cities? How plastic bags problem can be solved? What are the best ways to create effective dog bite laws? Should particular breeds be banned or there should be more training courses for owners? Why vegans can’t be respectful towards opinion and lifestyle of others, while they demand respect to their own choices? Should there be sex education courses in every school in order to reduce teenage pregnancy rates? How can we contribute to saving rainforests? Technologies Internet and technologies have a great impact on our generation. That is why topics on technologies are very wide and interesting, giving students complete freedom of choices. Is it possible to reduce technology dependence individually? Should every child be taught how to use the Internet responsibly? Ways of protecting personal information from thefts online; Cost-effectiveness of wireless technologies; Is it useful to use modern technologies in libraries? Ways to prevent cyber crimes; Is it possible to stop bullying online? Are there ways of keeping sensitive data in a secure way? Are teachers dependent on technologies? Can technology be harmful to the society? Sports Sport is closely related to health issues and makes up a big part of modern society. Controversial issues, dramas and news make sports a great topic to discuss in your proposal essay. Should college sportsmen get paid? Is it possible for a college to manage education, sports and business wisely? What is the best encouragement for new athletes? How should players and coaches talk to journalists after losing an important game? Is it better to legalize steroids instead of prohibiting them? Should media give better coverage of sports? If yes, what kinds of sports should be broadcasted more often? Should players be prepared for possible future injuries or even inability to participate? Why hunting should be prohibited? Is it necessary to ban extreme kinds of sports? Should cyber sportsmen be considered real athletes? Benefits of regular sports and exercises to teenagers. How various kinds of activity (running, swimming, weightlifting) influence our mood? Culture Culture is a very broad topic, which may include such controversial issues as racism, discrimination, tolerance and bullying. That is why when choosing culture as your proposal essay topic, you need to be very attentive and careful not to harm someone’s feelings. What are traditional family values; How to make sure your children treat others in a respectful manner; How the government should help minorities lead a regular lifestyle in areas, where they are discriminated? How every citizen can contribute to a tolerant attitude in the US society; Is there something to be done with the absence of morality in social media? How to improve bad behavior of children; Why morality is considered a flaw, while bad attitude is widely celebrated? What are the best ways to raise a responsible, well-behaved and kind child? Business Business rules the world, creating wrong expectations and adding lots of issues to our everyday life. Even without knowing we become a part of the business world whether we are owning a shop or make purchases in a store nearby. Should bankruptcy become an option? What measures should be taken to protect smaller enterprises from various economic problems? How trust to the business society can be cultivated? Is it possible to support local businesses and protect them from corporations? Should every customer be able to report the wrong treatment and lies of companies? Is there a way to eliminate unemployment? When should parents start teaching their children about money? How to encourage professional teachers not to leave their occupation? How youth can find an occupation of their dreams? Should employers have a right to check private emails at work? History Every student has a personal view of various historical events, which is worth sharing! Even the most boring historical issue can become a bright story with a proper approach. Division of gender responsibilities in ancient Rome; Impact of female leaders on the world’s history; Main interests of the Paleolithic society; What are the most important events, which shaped the modern world? How would the world change if the winner of the WW II was the opposite side? Influence of slavery abolition on the modern US; Influence of hippie movement on the promotion of drug usage; What caused the Roman Empire fall; Influence of Karl Marx on society; Impact of communism on modern Russia. Politics Considering the country of your residence, you can choose topics, which cause interest of the society. You can write about the improvement of the political situation, promoting new ideas and approaches. How to prevent future economic crises? Ways to make an effective electoral system; Is it possible to protect elections from outside interference? How to lower the national debt? Are we a nation of credits and debts? What can be done about it? Should prisoners have a right to vote or only those, who are on probation? How to improve the living conditions of veterans; Ways how espionage laws violate freedom of speech; Is it possible to regulate illegal immigration? Ways of improving social and medical programs. Music and art For those of students, who don’t like controversial or difficult topics, there is always a chance to write about music and art. Such issues are always interesting to write about and you have the freedom to share your own story with the audience. Should governments support new artists and musicians? Benefits of individualism for modern society; What musicians and artists had the biggest impact on your personality? What is your favorite painting? Why? Fashion trends of the 21st century; Impact of British singers on the modern US market; What is the New Wave movement? Peculiarities of culture after the end of the WW II; Evolution of music for the past ten years; Can rap be considered music? Closing thoughts When you are working on a proposal essay, your main goal is to provide several ideas on a chosen topic and to convince the audience to accept them. Consider yourself a salesperson, who needs to convince someone to purchase a certain item. Use ideas mentioned above and you will never experience any troubles. Once your essay is ready, make sure you check it line by line and eliminate all the mistakes to make your text readable, interesting and flawless!

Definition and Examples of Language Death

Definition and Examples of Language Death Language death is a  linguistic term for the end or extinction of a language. Also called language extinction. Language Extinction Distinctions are commonly drawn between an endangered language (one with few or no children learning the language) and an extinct language (one in which the last native speaker has died).   A Language Dies Every Two Weeks Linguist David Crystal has estimated that one language [is] dying out somewhere in the world, on average, every two weeks (By Hook or by Crook: A Journey in Search of English, 2008). Language Death Every 14 days a language dies. By 2100, more than half of the more than 7,000 languages spoken on Earthmany of them not yet recordedmay disappear, taking with them a wealth of knowledge about history, culture, the natural environment, and the human brain. (National Geographic Society, Enduring Voices Project)I am always sorry when any language is lost, because languages are the pedigree of nations. (Samuel Johnson, quoted by James Boswell in The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, 1785)Language death occurs in unstable bilingual or multilingual speech communities as a result of language shift from a regressive minority language to a dominant majority language. (Wolfgang Dressler, Language Death. 1988)Aboriginal Australia holds some of the worlds most endangered languages including Amurdag, which was believed to be extinct until a few years ago when linguists came across speaker Charlie Mangulda living in the Northern Territory.(Holly Bentley, Mind Your Language. The Guardian, Aug. 13, 2010) The Effects of a Dominant Language A language is said to be dead when no one speaks it any more. It may continue to have existence in recorded form, of coursetraditionally in writing, more recently as part of a sound or video archive (and it does in a sense live on in this way)but unless it has fluent speakers one would not talk of it as a living language. . . .The effects of a dominant language vary markedly in different parts of the world, as do attitudes towards it. In Australia, the presence of English has, directly or indirectly, caused great linguistic devastation, with 90% of languages moribund. But English is not the language which is dominant throughout Latin America: if languages are dying there, it is not through any fault of English. Moreover, the presence of a dominant language does not automatically result in a 90% extinction rate. Russian has long been dominant in the countries of the former USSR, but there the total destruction of local languages has been estimated to be only (sic) 50%.(David Crystal, Language Death. Cambridge University Press, 2002) Aesthetic Loss The main loss when a language dies is not cultural but aesthetic. The click sounds in certain African languages are magnificent to hear. In many Amazonian languages, when you say something you have to specify, with a suffix, where you got the information. The Ket language of Siberia is so awesomely irregular as to seem a work of art.But let’s remember that this aesthetic delight is mainly savored by the outside observer, often a professional savorer like myself. Professional linguists or anthropologists are part of a distinct human minority. . . .At the end of the day, language death is, ironically, a symptom of people coming together. Globalization means hitherto isolated peoples migrating and sharing space. For them to do so and still maintain distinct languages across generations happens only amidst unusually tenacious self-isolationsuch as that of the Amishor brutal segregation. (Jews did not speak Yiddish in order to revel in their diversity but because they lived in an a partheid society.)(John McWhorter, The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English. World Affairs Journal, Fall 2009) Steps to Preserve a Language [T]he best non-linguists can do, in North-America, towards preserving languages, dialects, vocabularies and the like is, among other possible actions, (French linguist Claude Hagà ¨ge, author of On the Death and Life of Languages, in Q and A: The Death of Languages. The New York Times, Dec. 16, 2009) Participating in associations which, in the US and Canada, work to obtain from local and national governments a recognition of the importance of Indian languages (prosecuted and led to quasi-extinction during the XIXth century) and cultures, such as those of the Algonquian, Athabaskan, Haida, Na-Dene, Nootkan, Penutian, Salishan, Tlingit communities, to name just a few;Participating in funding the creation of schools and the appointment and payment of competent teachers;Participating in the training of linguists and ethnologists belonging to Indian tribes, in order to foster the publication of grammars and dictionaries, which should also be financially helped;Acting in order to introduce the knowledge of Indian cultures as one of the important topics in American and Canadian TV and radio programs. An Endangered Language in Tabasco The language of Ayapaneco has been spoken in the land now known as Mexico for centuries. It has survived the Spanish conquest, seen off wars, revolutions, famines and floods. But now, like so many other indigenous languages, its at risk of extinction.There are just two people left who can speak it fluentlybut they refuse to talk to each other. Manuel Segovia, 75, and Isidro Velazquez, 69, live 500 metres apart in the village of Ayapa in the tropical lowlands of the southern state of Tabasco. It is not clear whether there is a long-buried argument behind their mutual avoidance, but people who know them say they have never really enjoyed each others company.They dont have a lot in common, says Daniel Suslak, a linguistic anthropologist from Indiana University, who is involved with a project to produce a dictionary of Ayapaneco. Segovia, he says, can be a little prickly and Velazquez, who is more stoic, rarely likes to leave his home.The dictionary is part of a race against time to revi talize the language before it is definitively too late. When I was a boy everybody spoke it, Segovia told the Guardian by phone. Its disappeared little by little, and now I suppose it might die with me. (Jo Tuckman, Language at Risk of Dying OutLast Two Speakers Arent Talking. The Guardian, April 13, 2011) Those linguists racing to save dying languagesurging villagers to raise their children in the small and threatened language rather than the bigger national languageface criticism that they are unintentionally helping keep people impoverished by encouraging them to stay in a small-language ghetto. (Robert Lane Greene, You Are What You Speak. Delacorte, 2011)

The American Involvement in the Politics of Middle East Essay

The American Involvement in the Politics of Middle East - Essay Example When Bush declared war on Iraq, experts say he was supporting the Jews. He wanted to assist the Israelites. High-ranking officials in Bush's administration were Jews. The officials took part in making the decision to invade Iraq. Iraq was Israel's chief enemy. They proved to be high economic competitors to Israel. It affected the economy of Israel because of these economic competitions. The war was like an activity of saving Israel . Saddam Hussein was not a major threat to America. He posed only a risk of launching a nuclear attack towards Israel. America did a wrong thing in capturing and executing Saddam. Bush wanted to prove that his administration was supporting the growth of Israel. He supported every action that Israel Prime Minister, Sharon, wanted to do. In many of his speeches, Bush reinstated his wish of a strong bond between the Jews and Americans. US had an opinion that the security of the world depends on the security of Israel. The US had strategic plans to fight terro rism in the Middle East, which posed a threat to Israel. Terrorism was a global menace. US viewed Israel as a strategic country to fight terror in Middle East. The Jewish state had planned war on Iraq long time ago. It all began in 1996 when Israel's government planned an attack on Iraq. The government of Israel put the strategy into a paper, and the respective authors of the document later became influential figures in Bush administration.US foreign policy is another issue that contributed significantly to the learning of the course.

Children and video games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Children and video games - Essay Example Video games are commonly known as time wasters by parents and educational experts. Many educational experts define video games as tools that corrupt children's brains. However even with the studies video games also have positive impacts on children, these positive impacts include the development of the brain and increases the communicational levels of children. In the world, almost 80% of the children play video games at least once a month, some of them are addicted spending almost 13 hours of video games per week (8-12 years old). Those of the age 13-18 years spend fourteen hours a week playing video games, an hour more than those of 8-12 years old (metrics 2.0, 2007). In most cases, stopping the children from playing video games is difficult as video games are prominent in most of their lives. Past evidence proves that gaming has more advantages than disadvantages, especially in the development of the brain and improvement in the social life. When a child plays video games, his or her brain is in a real workout, many of the video games require the child to use a lot of skill in order to win through the levels. In this, the kids have the chance to engage the high level of thinking, skills not even in school. Some of these skills include gained when playing video games include, fine motor, hand-eye coordination, and spatial skills, following instructions and problem solving and logic. Children who play violent games have high levels of aggressive thoughts and are more violent, behaviors, and feelings.

Green Energy - How will green energy technology prove to overcome the Research Paper

Green Energy - How will green energy technology prove to overcome the challenges of providing energy to the world - Research Paper Example Man will devise ways to substitute the materials endangered by exhaustion like fossil and nuclear energy sources, with renewable energy sources. Renewable energy will continue to combat â€Å"greenhouse gas emissions within the power sector† (Moselle, Padilla and Schmalensee 160). This paper discusses important sources of green energy, and why these sources are known as renewable sources of energy. First of all, it is important to describe the types of renewable energy sources. Sun power, wind power and water power are three main sources of green energy. Sun power produces solar energy, and is a very powerful form of energy. It has been there since ages, and will remain there till the end of the world, providing heat and light energy to all forms of lives- animals, plants and humans. Solar energy is called renewable energy due to a variety of reasons. First, when modern technological methods convert solar energy into electricity, no smoke is produced. So, there is no production of carbon dioxide and other toxic chemicals in the air. Also, the supply of solar energy is not limited, so, there is no worry about running out of energy. However, solar power cannot always be relied upon, as there is no sun in the night or in cloudy weather. Solar cells and solar panels are two main devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells , are found in smaller devices as calculators, and are also used for bigger purposes like in road signs. Solar thermal power plants and the parabolic trough systems are modern technological methods that use solar panels that trap in sun power to heat up water that, in turn, produces electrical energy. Another source of renewable energy is water, called hydro-power. Since water in motion produces kinetic energy, this scientific fact is used by hydro-electric power

Health politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Health politics - Essay Example Food firms produce large quantities of food using cheap, unhealthy ingredients, thus escalating the rates of obesity (Chung & Muntaner 2007, 89). This is the phenomenon that accounts for the ascending numbers of obese people in England. In this respect, there is need to have policies that stem the impact of this governance and economic mechanism to have a healthier nation. The White Paper attempts to find the solutions to the deep seated problem. Definition of Policies in Health Context Policies refer to the aims and objectives that a party or a government intends to achieve and uphold in the interest to the nation and its citizens. In health industry, policies are made by the government to maintain a healthy society. From 1970s, implementation and drafting of health policies has been based on preventive measures rather than curative measures as was earlier done (Chung 2007, 21). Health sector and stakeholders in the health industry have realized through rigorous studies that curativ e measures are expensive and yield no marginal benefits. Policies regarding health of the society are drafted and formulated for implementation by the government with wisdom and prudence in provision of superior health management (Erickson & Wilson 1994, 32). A health policy is usually a course of action and a method of intervention selected from among other alternatives to guide the present actions and determine future course of actions in the future. Health policies are high level general plans that embrace the overall goals and acceptable processes within the health sector. Features of Obesity Policies As this work deals with health policies in relation to obesity, it shall discuss some of the pertinent features of a policy in connection with the subject matter. Foremost, a policy must have a decision and an action. The government acknowledges the effect and degree of obesity in the society and makes a decision to curtail its negative effects. According to researches, there is a correlation between obesity and economic status of the affected people. The government acknowledges the fact that obesity is a chronic condition caused by behavioral factors (Boswell 2005, 24). In coming up with the policies to combat obesity, the government makes a decision to deploy means of nullifying all the negative externalities that accrue to social and health effects of obesity. The other feature of policy is action. The process of putting in place a policy to guide the public on issues relating to obesity is not complete with mere decision of the government to curtail obesity. The government must go a step further to take practical actions to curb obesity. The action should be geared towards reducing the costs of obesity treatment. The earlier measures and policies governments placed of curing maladies have been faced out due to their high costs (Borrell 2009, 43). Curative measures have led to elimination of infectious diseases, but not social and behavioral complications such as obesity. An action plan that attempts to provide formidable solution to prevalence of behavioral complications such as obesity involves formulation and implementation of health policy that recognizes intricacies of behavioral complications. Such a policy is geared towards making everyone custodian of his own health. It is a policy that makes everyone responsible for his health, and devolves the responsibilities of

Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Paper - Essay Example Other established businesses have sufficient capital for investment and offer substitute products for students who arrive in college late at nights (Bradford, n.p). This is because the students cannot afford taxis to access the other outlets that sell healthy foods at high prices so their only option is to visit the nearby restaurants. Indirect competitors would be those restaurants offering a substitute for our product. Apart from offering pizzas and barbeques, the indirect competitors also provide substitute products such as soft and energy drinks (Bradford, n.p). This is in relation to the use of similar marketing mix that targets the same customer bases. As a result, it is essential to adopt a strategic option that attempts to counter the emerging competition. For instance, in order for our company to attract more clients and beat competition, it is vital to offer healthier foods that do not contain many calories. The market opportunity exposed in the dining industry is that the direct competitors cannot provide healthy foods at cheaper prices and so it is our intention to improve on this service by supplying clean and nutritious foodstuffs at reasonable

Health politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Health politics - Essay Example Food firms produce large quantities of food using cheap, unhealthy ingredients, thus escalating the rates of obesity (Chung & Muntaner 2007, 89). This is the phenomenon that accounts for the ascending numbers of obese people in England. In this respect, there is need to have policies that stem the impact of this governance and economic mechanism to have a healthier nation. The White Paper attempts to find the solutions to the deep seated problem. Definition of Policies in Health Context Policies refer to the aims and objectives that a party or a government intends to achieve and uphold in the interest to the nation and its citizens. In health industry, policies are made by the government to maintain a healthy society. From 1970s, implementation and drafting of health policies has been based on preventive measures rather than curative measures as was earlier done (Chung 2007, 21). Health sector and stakeholders in the health industry have realized through rigorous studies that curativ e measures are expensive and yield no marginal benefits. Policies regarding health of the society are drafted and formulated for implementation by the government with wisdom and prudence in provision of superior health management (Erickson & Wilson 1994, 32). A health policy is usually a course of action and a method of intervention selected from among other alternatives to guide the present actions and determine future course of actions in the future. Health policies are high level general plans that embrace the overall goals and acceptable processes within the health sector. Features of Obesity Policies As this work deals with health policies in relation to obesity, it shall discuss some of the pertinent features of a policy in connection with the subject matter. Foremost, a policy must have a decision and an action. The government acknowledges the effect and degree of obesity in the society and makes a decision to curtail its negative effects. According to researches, there is a correlation between obesity and economic status of the affected people. The government acknowledges the fact that obesity is a chronic condition caused by behavioral factors (Boswell 2005, 24). In coming up with the policies to combat obesity, the government makes a decision to deploy means of nullifying all the negative externalities that accrue to social and health effects of obesity. The other feature of policy is action. The process of putting in place a policy to guide the public on issues relating to obesity is not complete with mere decision of the government to curtail obesity. The government must go a step further to take practical actions to curb obesity. The action should be geared towards reducing the costs of obesity treatment. The earlier measures and policies governments placed of curing maladies have been faced out due to their high costs (Borrell 2009, 43). Curative measures have led to elimination of infectious diseases, but not social and behavioral complications such as obesity. An action plan that attempts to provide formidable solution to prevalence of behavioral complications such as obesity involves formulation and implementation of health policy that recognizes intricacies of behavioral complications. Such a policy is geared towards making everyone custodian of his own health. It is a policy that makes everyone responsible for his health, and devolves the responsibilities of

Cultural competence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural competence - Assignment Example knows what question to ask.’’ Nurses are more likely to attain culturally competent cross cultural care when the multifaceted combination of cultural knowledge, consciousness, attitudes and skill are used enthusiastically for cultural evaluation of patient’s health beliefs and practices, and for negotiating culturally harmonizing health interventions through expertise cross cultural communication. Health care providers can employ a number of strategies of cultural competence in their practice so as to deliver effectively; for instance, cultural accommodations can have a big payoff for patient’s emotional well-being because it supports and facilitates the use of cultural practices that have not been proven harmful, a good case study is placing a metal object such as coin or key on the umbilicus of a new-born child, which is understood to promote healing according to some societies (Srivastava,2007). However, for accommodation of culture to work, it is upon the nurse to have the prior knowledge of the culture from other sources, direct assessment and conversations. Implementing this strategy I quite involving because it requires the health provider to go extra mile in acquiring the relevant information related to a particular culture. Cultural preservation support clients in maintaining those aspects of their culture that promotes healthy behaviors. The health provider will support the use of systematically sound practices such as acupuncture for managing pain in a patient as well as interventions from biomedical health care systems such as using lower doses of opioid analgesics. However, this might be a challenge due to stereotype, other health care givers will ascribe to certain beliefs and behaviors to their patients without really understanding the individual differences within the groups (Ivanov & Blue, 2007). Cultural repatterning involves working with the patient health promoting behaviors. A health provider will work with the patient in order to

Remember the Titans Essay Example for Free

Remember the Titans Essay A scene in the film of which I thought it was strong was when the new coach takes the players into the woods for a run and they arrive at a sort of cemetery. He tells them about a lesson from the death; they have to come together, otherwise they will be destroyed. He tells them whether they like each other or not, they should respect each other. I really like this scene of the movie, first, because I think it takes place in a special surrounding. All the players are exhausted from the running and kind of impressed by the place. Second, I like this part because I like the message and the way the coach tries to create one team out of two groups. The third message I got from the video is the fact that sports brings people together. No matter what race, as friends in a team you can make it work. In the video the white boys and the African-American boys have each their own team with their own rituals. Along the road, their passion for football and their desire to win brings them together. They combine their habits and the difference in their cultural backgrounds gives them a special feeling of a united group and makes them stronger. Also in other situations can sports play an important factor, you can see it in the world with for example the Olympic Games, but also other major sports events. I think sports can unite individuals from different cultural backgrounds because the rules are the same in every culture and as people are playing, they do not necessarily have to speak the same language. So, if you put the messages all together, I would say that in my opinion the movie is a really good one. After watching it I realized even more that it is about personalities and characters instead of the way people look or the cultural background they are from. Although it can be hard for some individuals to act this way, for example because of pressure from their peers or because the way they are raised. I hope that for the future that every day more people will realize that it is not about the differences, but about the similarities.

Evidence-Based Pressure Ulcer Prevention

Evidence-Based Pressure Ulcer Prevention Pressure Ulcer is commonly experienced by hospitalized adults. This skin condition is otherwise known as bed sores to which the patient’s skin as well as its underlying tissue breaks down due to pressure caused by prolonged non-movement of the affected skin areas. It provides discomfort to the patient especially to those who have medical conditions, which disable them from changing position. Pressure Ulcer can develop rapidly. However, there are several things that can help in prevention and help the patient in the healing process. The purpose of this paper is to develop a plan as to how the Pressure Ulcer can be prevented based on the evidence presented in the articles including the identified solution to the problem. The change plan will help the development of nursing practice when it comes to Pressure Ulcer and suggests that repositioning and turning the patient constantly will help in preventing the occurrence of this skin condition. Change Plan Using John Hopkins EBP Model Overview The John Hopkins Nursing EBP model or JHNEBP is a framework that is used to guide the translation of gathered evidence into practice (Buchko, 2012). It has encompasses three nursing foundations such as education, practice, and research. Nurses should use this model to as a guide to facilitate change because it includes both non-research and research evidence as they create basis for nurses’ decision making. Thus, this model also proves that both external and internal factors should be put in consideration before existing nursing practice may be changed. Practice Question Step 1 Recruiting inter-professional team will be composed of nurses, attending physician, and nursing aid. Step 2 The Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) question is â€Å"Do frequent turning of patients lead to reduction of occurrence of pressure ulcers in hospitalized adults?† For PICO elements, it is identified that (P) is the hospitalized adults that suffer from Pressure Ulcer; (I) would be the intervention approach of the problem, which is the frequent turning of the patient to prevent or recover from Pressure Ulcer symptoms; (C) is the considered alternative in treating the Pressure Ulcer such as using special cushions and mattresses, which can help in relieving the pressure in affected skin areas; and (O) pertains to the gradual healing of skin tissues that suffered from Pressure Ulcer. Step 3 Pressure Ulcer prevents the patient from a complete recovery as it provides addition pain due to damaged skin tissues. Cases of Pressure Ulcer continue to increase. In fact, Sullivan (2013) says that it increased by 80% between 1995 and 2008. Not only in the hospital, but residents of nursing homes also suffer from Pressure Ulcer and was reported that there was an approximate of 11% case increase in 2004 (Sullivan, 2013). This problem affects the healthcare on a broader scale. It provides additional healthcare facility costs, which may not be covered as it is a hospital-acquired health condition. Thus, the overall nursing practice will be more challenging due to the occurrence of Pressure Ulcer among adult patients. Steps 4 and 5 The team, which is composed of nurses, attending physician, and nursing aid will have their vital roles in achieving the targeted design for change. They are important as they hold different responsibilities. The nurses are responsible for ensuring that existing Pressure Ulcer will not become worse by constant checking the affected skin. The attending physician is responsible for knowing if there would be any other medical implication due to Pressure Ulcer occurrence. He is also responsible for providing additional medication, if needed, besides the existing medical condition. The nursing aid is responsible for providing assistance when it comes ensuring that the patient’s affected skin areas are well-ventilated through constant repositioning of the patient’s body. In combining their essential roles and responsibilities, prevention and treatment of Pressure Ulcer will be easier to achieve. Evidence Steps 6 and 7 – The change plan is supported by evidence to which the guidelines of handling patients with Pressure Ulcer are presented. Whitney et al. (2006) say that Pressure Ulcer is one of the challenges of health care providers. The change plan plans to prevent the increasing occurrence of such skin condition to which the articles stated that there were almost 3 million patients affected in the United States alone (Whitney et al., 2006). The research encompasses insights from clinical experts as well as their opinion about the problem. Scientific evidence were also presented in the research such as proper patient positioning, nutrition, support surfaces, preparation of wound bed and dressing, and the underlying principles that were developed per category. The research’s quality improvement data was presented in a form of various guidelines and nursing principles. One of the strength of this research is its ability to provide detailed guidelines as to how the Pressure Ulcer can be handled accordingly without providing additional sufferings to the patient. It also highlights the principle behind every guideline in order to explain why such guideline must be followed during the treatment process. Steps 8 and 9 – The evidence shows that frequent turning of patients will help in the reduction of the occurrence of Pressure Ulcer. There are various articles that presented the similar views and presumptions pertaining to the proper treatment of Pressure Ulcer. Kaitani, Tokunaga and Sanada (2010) suggest that there are risk factors that are related to the occurrence of Pressure Ulcer especially in critical care setting. One of the risk factors may start during the admission stage of the patient. The critical care setting involves medical conditions that will decrease the patient’s ability to move and change position from time to time. Therefore, it is important to know that at the beginning of admission stage, health care providers must be aware that the occurrence of Pressure Ulcer is high. In fact, almost 40 percent of the patients who suffer from Pressure Ulcer are the ones who are in the critical care setting or intensive care unit (Kaitani, Tokunaga Sanada, 2010 ). The authors concluded that that there is no connection between the occurrence of Pressure Ulcers among patients and the involve medication. Therefore, the frequency of positioning and turning the patient especially in the ICU is a prognostic indicator as to whether Pressure Ulcer will occur. This is also to reduce the probability of extended admission of the patient in the hospital. The redistribution of the pressure is the main goal of repositioning the patient in order to prevent the occurrence of Pressure Ulcer. Sprigle and Sonenblum (2011) assert that such skin condition occurs when there is a constant pressure on the affected skin area. That is why; it is essential to conduct a pressure magnitude management through postural supports and support surfaces as well as proper body posture. This approach can be done through weight shifting and turning frequency including the use of dynamic surfaces (Kaitani, Tokunaga Sanada, 2010). Besides frequent turning, positioning device can also help in distributing the weight of the patient and improving the blood flow on skin surface. Therefore periodic repositioning of the patient combined with the positioning device are two important preventive methods against Pressure Ulcer and ideal supporting treatment procedure for existing Pressure Ulcer. Generally, the standard turning by nurses in intensive care unit or ICU does not consistently unload all the areas of skin-bed interface pressures (Peterson et al., 2010). The standard of handling patients with Pressure Ulcer is to prevent most of the skin areas to be under pressure to avoid tissue damage. However, evidence shows that even with the presence of frequent turning and repositioning is not a guarantee that Pressure Ulcer will not occur as there are still skin areas that are at risk of tissue breakdown (Peterson et al., 2010). Conversely, using the support materials is also not an assurance to prevent the occurrence of this skin condition. Such materials for maintaining the patient’s turned position may also influence the tissue unloading, which may jeopardized the affected areas. Therefore, it is presumable that there is still a gap between the theory and practice when it comes to Pressure Ulcer management. Moore (2010) says that besides the increased length of stay in the hospital, Pressure Ulcer may also increase the health service costs. However, such condition is preventable through proper management in order to provide strategically-planned health service. One of the strategies that can be used is the 30 degrees tilting of the patient’s body to avoid too much pressure on the skin (Moore, 2010). Based on the evidence presented, repositioning the patient who is at risk of Pressure Ulcer every three hours using this tilt technique will reduce the possibility of Pressure Ulcer occurrence. Step 10 – Based on the gathered evidence, the recommendation to prevent potential Pressure Ulcer is to conduct a constant turning of patient every 3 to 4 hours depending on the patient’s body weight. The heavier the patient is the shorter the time interval must be applied in repositioning the patient’s body. Thus, it is also recommended that patients, especially adults in ICU department must use positioning materials if possible. In this case, the body’s weight will be distributed evenly along with the frequent turning technique. It is also recommended to apply the 30 degrees tilt on the patient so that the weight will not produce too much pressure on the skin’s interface. Thus, the gravity pull will not be focused on the pressured area. Steps 11, 12, 13, and 14 – The plan for implementing the change will be based on the steps that need to be followed. Important procedures must emphasize on the implementation stage. This will be followed by the importance of conducting such procedures based on the evidence, which will also be presented. There will be a specified timeline to ensure the smooth transition for old to standard practice to developed change plan. For the first quarter of the year, an initial outcome will be evaluated using statistical reports of occurrence of Pressure Ulcer. A ratio between the number of patients and Pressure Ulcer occurrence will be the basis of quarterly reports, which are targeted to decrease after the fourth quarter. The reports will include the total number of patients within the first three months, patients at risk of the skin condition, and the number of repositioning done in every patient. Steps 15 and 16 – The desired outcome of the proposed change is to reduce the occurrence of Pressure Ulcer among adult patients especially in the critical care setting or ICU. It also aims to increase the awareness of techniques on how to apply the recommended strategies of the health care workers. The outcome will be measured based on the reports filed by the nursing staff, which is done separately from the existing medical condition of the patient. The results will be reported to the stakeholders in a quarterly basis, emphasizing how the strategies were conducted and what the specific results were. Step 17 – The plan will be implemented on a larger scale to which other units will be included. The plan will primarily start on the intensive care unit for the first quarter and will also be implemented to regular hospital ward after the first three months. To ensure that the plan will be implemented permanently, it will be raised to the office of the director to be one of the standard procedures of the hospital. Therefore, whether or not the patient is in ICU, constant monitoring of potential Pressure Ulcer will be part of the nursing round. Step 18 – Findings will be disseminated internally through monthly meetings to provide developments after the implementation. On the other hand, it will be externally disseminated by providing its advantages to other hospitals and healthcare setting. If possible and available, strategies, techniques and findings will be published on the hospital’s website to spread awareness throughout the concerned public. Conclusion Pressure Ulcer is an important problem that every health care provider must be aware of. The evidence presented is clear representation that such condition is preventable. Thus, should not be the reason for patients to extend their hospital confinement. The change model will ensure that every involved healthcare professional will be responsible in ensuring that the Pressure Ulcer will be prevented and treated accordingly to those who are already suffering from it. The three levels of change based on John Hopkins EBP process are essential aspects for the implementation of the change plan. Understanding the practice question would be the foundation of the process to which PICO elements will be analyzed for the success of change plan. On the other hand, the evidence will be the basis of the change plan as to how the and why the change plan is needed for the improvement of health service. Thus, the translation is the period to which the implementation will take place. It is essential to have these three levels of change so as to develop a strategic plan of the proposed change. In this case, once the plan has been implemented and permanently practiced, the occurrence of Pressure Ulcer will significantly decrease, which will help in the patient in the treatment process. References Buchko,B.L., Robinson,L.E. (2012). An Evidence-based Approach to Decrease Early Post-operative Urinary Retention Following Urogynecologic Surgery. Society of Urologic Nurses and Associates, 32(5), 260-264. Kaitani,T., Tokunaga,K., Matsui,N., Sanada,H. (2009). Risk factors related to the development of pressure ulcers in the critical care setting. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 414-421. Moore,Z. (2010). Bridging the theory-practice gap in pressure ulcer prevention. British Journal of Nursing, 19(5), s15-8. Peterson,M.J., Schwab,W., Van Oostrom,J.H., Gravenstein,N., Caruso,L.J. (2010). Effects of turning on skin-bed interface pressures in healthy adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(7), 1556-1564. Sprigle,S., Sonenblum,S. (2011). Assessing evidence supporting redistribution of pressure for pressure ulcer prevention: A review. Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development, 48, 203-214. Sullivan,N. (2013). Preventing In-Facility Pressure Ulcers. In Making Health Care Safer II: An Updated Critical Analysis of the Evidence for Patient Safety Practices. Rockville City, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Whitney,J., Philipps,L., Aslam,R., Barbul,A., Gittrup,F., Gloud,L., . . . Robson,M.C. (2006). Guidelines for the treatment of pressure Ulcers. Wound Healing Society, 14, 663-679.

Different Variables Changing the Rate of Reaction :: Reaction Rates Science Gases Essays

Different Variables Changing the Rate of Reaction To show that different variables can change the rate of reactions e.g. make them faster or slower. Theory: - That changing the variables in a reaction such as concentration, temperature and surface area will increase or decrease the rate of reaction. This would happen because, if you changed the concentration of a solution to a higher concentration the rate of reaction would increases, as there are more particles in the solution which means the particles would collide more. As they are colliding more, particles collide with the other substance making the reaction time much farter and greater. Low Concentration = Slower Reaction High Concentration = Faster Reaction Less Particles More Particles Equipment:- Chronicle Flask Measuring Cylinder Gas syringe Beaker Calcium Carbonate Stopwatch Pestle and Mortar Boss and Clamp Hydrochloric Acid Clamp stand But and Tube Measuring Scales Safety: - As acid and Bunsen's may be being used safety goggles should be worn at all times and all hair tied back. As glass is being used all bags should not be in the corridor and all should be careful when handling glass in case of breakage. All science classroom safety rules should be followed to ensure a safe environment. Prediction: - In our experiment we shall be changing the concentration of the solution, making the solution weaker and stronger. I predict that when the solution has been weakened by water to make it less concentrated the rate of reaction will be slower and weaker. This will happen as there are less particles of hydrochloric acid reacting with the calcium carbonate, the fewer amounts of particles the less amount collisions with the calcium carbonate. Therefore when the hydrochloric acid is strengthened by doubling the amount of hydrochloric acid and adding it with the same amount of calcium carbonate the reaction will be stronger and quicker. This will occur as there are more particles in the solution reacting with the calcium carbonate, as there are more particles in the solution the number in collisions will greatly quickening the reaction time. Method: - After all equipment has been collected and set up (e.g. clamp stand), and all safety rules are followed. First weigh the amount of calcium carbonate you will use i.e. 4g. Then decide if you will change the surface area, doing this will quicken or slow down the experiment. To change the surface area put your calcium carbonate in a pestle and mortar and grind down the chips into a powder, small chips or leave it in the size given. After you have decide and carried out this put the calcium carbonate into the chronicle flask. Then decide if you will change the concentration of the hydrochloric acid, to

The Kyoto Protocol Essay -- Environment USA Carbon Emissions Essays Pa

The Kyoto Protocol The Protocol: In December of 1997 the industrial nations of the world met in Kyoto, Japan to discuss a protocol that would require each nation to reduce their emission levels of greenhouse gases. On average the protocol required a 5.2% reduction on emission of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon-dioxide, in each signatory nation. 1 However some nations, like the U.S. who were obligated to reduce emissions by 7% of their 1990 levels by 2012, were required to reduce emission levels more or less than the average of 5.2% based on the current levels the nation emits. By March 16, 1997 the protocol was opened for signature and the first nations to sign were Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Maldives, Western Samoa, Switzerland and St. Lucia. Today 84 nations have signed the protocol and 104 have ratified it, accepted it, approved it, or come to an accession. 2 Although the United States under the Clinton Administration did originally sign the protocol; under the Bush Administration, in March of 2001, the U.S officially backed out of the Kyoto Protocol.3 According to President Bush the Kyoto Protocol "makes no economic sense, it makes no common sense." 4 Economically he was worried about the effects of the California energy crisis along with the threat of a recession. 5 In addition President Bush rejected the Kyoto Protocol because of its failure to include developing countries like China which is the second largest producer of greenhouse gases. 6 However, other nations of the world and our own nation saw it as "a moral lapse by the world's biggest polluter." 7 The United States, which only has 4% of the world's population, creates 25% of the pollution. 8 In an article written for the Seattle Times, Eric Sorensen f... ...February 9, 2003) 14. Shogren, Elizabeth. "Bush Pushes to Cut U.S. Greenhouse Emissions." June 10, 2001. Los Angeles Times. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003) 15. Pianin, Eric. "Bush Offers No Alternative to Kyoto Treaty." Washington Post. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003) 16. Shogren, Elizabeth. "Bush Pushes to Cut U.S. Greenhouse Emissions." June 10, 2001. Los Angeles Times. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003) 17. Brodeur, Nicole. "City Thinks Global, Skips Things Local." July 24, 2001. Seattle Times. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003) 18. Forgrave, Reid. "Resolution Sent to Council for Global-Warming Action." July 20,2001. Seattle Times. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003)

Hobby: Actor and Favorite Pastime Essay

People live a very busy life nowadays, so they have little time to spare. Still they try their best to make use of those rare hours of leisure. A hobby is a favorite pastime of a person. Hobbies differ like tastes. People choose their hobbies according to their taste and character. Someone likes simply to watch TV, lying on a sofa. If you have chosen a hobby to your liking, lucky you are: you have made your life more interesting. But many people have nothing to do during their spare time, though there are many different hobbies: reading, collecting, going in for sports, traveling and others. If a person collects something, he does it according to his financial abilities: someone collects cars or pictures of world-known painters, while another one collects beer cans or stamps. But no matter what they collect, it gives them pleasure. Many collections started in a small way with one or two items. Some private collections are really valuable. No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has an opportunity of learning from it. Some young people find it a pleasure to go to the theatre. The theatre is one of the most ancient kinds of art. For centuries people have come to the theatre for the different aims: to relax, to be amazed or entertained, to have a good laugh, to enjoy the acting of their favorite actors and actresses. Modern life is impossible without traveling. Many people travel by rail, by air, by sea or by road for pleasure. Many people are fond of reading. As for me I don’t like to read very much, but I think that it’s the most useful pastime. If a person likes to read, he can take many useful information and life experience from the books. As for me I am fond of dancing. I am doing it since my childhood. While dancing I feel very comfortable, I am flying as if I have wings. Especially I feel so while dancing Arabic dances. Another hobby is to dry flowers and to make different bouquets. There are a lot of such bouquets in my flat. Also I like to present them to my relatives and friends. Also I like singing very much. But I am afraid to sing when there are other people in the same place. But I do like to sing. While doing it I can naked my soul, I can express what I feel in that very moment.

?ertain behaviors

Children portray certain behaviors, such sucking looking and grasping to almost anything that comes their way, one may not understand and even fail o explain this they behave this way, but it's one way that children discover or explore the world around them. Through these behavioral actions which mostly are motor skills oriented, a child tend to develop not only physically but cognitively as well this happens through various processes like assimilation, accommodation and equivocation.The aim of this essay therefore is to explain Jean Piglet's concept of assimilation, accommodation, equilibrium as learning processes in child cognitive development. According to Pigged, children are naturally curious explorers who are constantly trying to aka sense of the world by interacting with their environment and with others (Lenient, 1994). In this process, they construct schemas or schemata which are simply mental networks of organized information.Shaffer and Skip, (2010) further explains that s chemas are knowledge base by which children interpret their world or means by which children interpret and organize experience, schemas in effect, are representations of reality. Pigged (1954) adds that as the child seeks to construct an understanding of the world, the developing brain creates schema. Once formed, schemas can be used to identify and understand new information based on past stored experiences (Moreno, 2010). A baby's schemes are structured by simple actions that can be performed on objects.According to Shaffer and Skip (2010) the earliest schemes, formed in infancy, are motor habits such as rocking, grasping, and lifting, which prove to be adaptive indeed. For example, a curious infant who combines the responses of extending an arm (reaching) and grasping with the hand is suddenly capable of satisfying her curiosity by exploring almost any interesting object that is no more than an arm's length away. Simple as these behavioral schemes may be, they permit infants to o perate toys, to turn dials, to open cabinets, and to otherwise master their environments.Older children on the other hand have schemas that include strategies and plans for solving problems. For example, a 6-year-old might have a schema that involves the strategy of classifying objects by size, shape, or color (Contracts, 201 1). One may wonder what children use to construct their knowledge of the world. Pigged believed that children use three cognitive processes to develop their schemas over time these are assimilation, accommodation and equivocation. Assimilation takes place when individuals use their existing schemas to make sense of the events in the world.This involves trying to relate to something new to something that we already know (Moreno, 2010). An example is first time a child sees a ca, he may say ‘doggy' because he has a schema of his pet dog but has not yet learnt about any other animals yet. Another example is a child sees a plane flying and calls it a birdie' because child has a schema of all flying things are birds. Accommodation on the other hand takes place when an individual changes or adjusts an existing schema so that it can explain the new experience.This happens when the new information does not fit well with our existing schemas, causing us to expand or elaborate on the older schema to make sense of the new information. For example a child who interacts with enough cats and dogs will eventually accommodate his animal schemas to include differentiated cat and dogs categories. When new experiences arise, individuals will usually try to use their schemas ( assimilation), when these don't work, they will modify or add to their old schemas until the new information makes sense in their mind accommodation (Moreno, 2010).However if the new information has no relation to any prior schema neither assimilation no accommodation can happen (Cob, 2007). Equivocation is a mechanism that Pigged proposed to explain how children shift from one s tage of thought to the next. The shift occurs as children experience cognitive conflict, or disequilibrium, in trying to understand the world. Eventually, they solve the conflict and reach a balance, or equilibrium, of thought (Contracts 201 1).Moreno, (2010) equivocation is the balance between assimilation and accommodation that is responsible for the growth of thought. For example, if a child believes that the amount of a liquid changes simply because the liquid is poured into a container with a different shape-?for instance, from a container that is short and wide into a container that is tall and narrow-?she might be puzzled by such issues as where the â€Å"extra† liquid came from and whether there is actually more liquid to drink. The child will eventually resolve hose puzzles as her thought becomes more advanced.

The Four Methods in Lincoln Electric Case Study

The Four Methods in Lincoln Electric - Case Study Example Secondly, it was the R&D efforts of its founders and its proactive stance that made it a success over its competitors, even though it had shared technology during the Second World War for the benefit of the USA. The company setup was planned and organized with very few levels of management. Workers had a right to voice their opinions and thoughts and these were listened to, with the consequence that there was no need for unionization. There was an open door policy and every complaint was looked into. The vision for the company was to expand and prosper through a system of high productivity and rewards like year-end bonus and guaranteed employment. The company also promoted from within and many of the top management had progressed from the lower ranks up the organization. The company was successful in extending this culture and philosophy developed at Cleveland to some regions but met with opposition from others. To some degree, culture and education have been responsible for this. Di scuss Lincoln’s approach to the organization and motivation of their employees as it corresponds to the behavioral viewpoint of management, specifically as it relates to early behaviorism pioneered by Hugo Munsterberg, Mary Parker Follett and Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Effect. The behavioral viewpoint of management seeks to motivate workers through a reward and punishment system aims to elicit a certain type of behavior from its employees. It is usually based on a system that is fair and equitable for everyone. Hugo Munsterberg proposed that employee skills match job requirements and devising management strategies that made employees follow management’s best interests. Mary Parker Follett preferred that organizations work like communities with joint efforts and collaboration between workers and management to deal positively with problems that might emerge.  

Traditional Circus vs Contemporary Circus Essay

Traditional Circus vs Contemporary Circus - Essay Example The origins of contemporary circus (or "cirque nouveau") can be found in 70s. In this circus a separate story is told to the audience in a chain of different small performances, unlike a traditional circus, where no separate story was told. This new movement has not theoretical background and there is no a clear intention to be separated from a traditional circus. The main aim was to position a contemporary circus as a kind of incarnation from a traditional circus. For example, there is no total abandonment of the use of animals during performances, because animals are poor narrative means. In the contemporary circus animals are often used with success. There are different means to amaze the audience in the contemporary circus, because acrobatics, juggling or clown acts are often not unique for the audience and are not very fascinating. In accordance with the artists from one of the contemporary circuses: "Circus in general has its own tradition; but at the Cirque, we try to regroup and or add multiple disciplinary approaches to synergize the creation process. Every time we add a new collection, we have to capture the relationship between the information sources and the usage† (Spencer 2007, p. 23). In the contemporary circus the main emphasis is made on a story told to the audience through a number of different acts of performance instead of separate successive performances of jugglers, clowns or animals. There is more about topic in the modern circus and the spirit of modern times. Thus, the artists of the contemporary circus are able to appeal for the emotions and feelings of the audience by referring to the most critical themes, such as love, friendship, children et cetera. They develop a chain of their actions on the background of one common theme. There are no circus families performing in the contemporary circus, but rather conservatory-trained artists; character-driven acts are conveyed to the audience through a chain of narratives embodied in a series of successive acts of performance. The audience has the ability to sit in front of the stage and get involved in the story told by the contemporary circus. There is no ringmaster in the contemporary circus anymore, because a number of performances are connected by a common theme. Thus, the representatives of the contemporary circus Nanjing I claim: â€Å"It seems that the 'cultural signifiers' related to training do not simply 'jump from one body to another' but are embodied through slow, repetitive ongoing application according to a set of cultural values imported from China. The project challenged the attitudes to training of the trainers, students and administrators of Nanjing I and encouraged them to question their cultural assumptions† (Farrel 2008, p. 2). Thus, there is a special atmosphere and environment in the contemporary circus, which depends on the quality and thematic connection among different acts of performance. To reach a wholeness of narration, the artists in the contemporary circus introduce different changes in their performance, music and costumes. This is an evident difference between a traditional circus and the contemporary circus. The modern artists wear simple leotard s and there are no traditional costumes for clowns. Human bodies of the modern artists are moving in such enchanting manner that it is really fascinating to watch movements of their strong bodies and not to pay attention to their weird costumes, wigs or any other

Discussing animal rights and animal research in the classroom Article

Discussing animal rights and animal research in the classroom - Article Example Even though the research question is not clearly stated in the article, the author makes it clear that the research question is whether it is right or ethical to use animals in behavioral and biomedical research For this purpose, the researcher reviews two major philosophical positions used by animal activists and tries to stimulate a discussion in the classroom on the debate (Herzog, 1990, p. 90). 2. Introduction: The article has a very comprehensive introduction which tells the reader of the significance of the issue and the rational for the present study. The introductory part of the article reviews a large number of literatures to highlight the cruel and unjust practice of using animals for behavioral and biomedical research purposes. The introduction also deals with the efforts made by animal rights groups and movements, depicts animal rights controversy as a social issue, pinpoints the reformers’ versus animal liberators’ debates, and summarizes the two most influ ential perspectives used by animal rights activists to protect animals from such cruelties-the Utilitarian argument and the Rights argument (Herzog, 1990, p. 90-91). Both the groups consider animal research as immoral: while the Utilitarian proponents argue for ‘equal consideration of interests’ to animals, the Rights argument holds that animals’ rights should be preserved (Herzog, 1990, p. 90). 3. Methodology: The methodology used in the paper is quite innovative and interesting. The author divided the students in the class room into groups of five or seven and each group had to engage in role-play participation on an ACUC (Animal Care and Use Committee). Each group was assigned a research proposal on animal research; each group had to evaluate and either approve or reject the research proposal submitted to them based on the information provided in the proposal (Herzog, 1990, p. 91-92). For the purpose of the study, the author provided the class with four animal research cases where each group had to make the final verdict on whether the research is to be permitted or not. The author used this exercise with 150 students in five classes and the conclusions of the study are drawn based on the student responses to the exercises (Herzog, 1990, p.93). 4. Results: The results of the study are dealt with in the paper in terms of student responses after the classroom exercises. Each student who participated in the exercise was asked to make an anonymous evaluation of it (Herzog, 1990, p. 93). The author claims that the responses were extremely positive and out of the 150 students only two had negative responses (Herzog, 1990, p. 93). Most of the participants admitted that the exercise offered them a unique opportunity to develop their thoughts on the cruelties shown to animals in terms of animal researches and that it offered them life time valuable lessons (Herzog, 1990, p. 93). 5. Discussion/Conclusions: The study has got great relevance as it d eals with a very controversial topic in scientific research and it has got great implications in the modern era where a lot of animals are being used for research purposes. The exercise is not just a matter of logic; on the other hand, it needs to take into account such factors as the animal’s similarity to humans, their perceived intelligence, and ethical considerations (Burghardt & Herzog, 1980; Herzog, 1988, as cited in Herzog, 1990, p. 93). While psychologists and animal rights activists argue for ethical treatment of animals there are many others who support the right of researchers and scientists to use animals for scientific research and advancements. Thus, the exercise makes the learners become equipped to grasp animal rights and it is the responsibility of psychologists to convince the students of both the sides of the issue (Herzog, 1990, p.